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Bernstein, M. & Yovel, G. Two neural pathways of face processing: a critical evaluation of current models. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 55, 536–546 (2015).
The necessary use of face masks to protect staff and patients has made communication difficult. It’s particularly true for clinicians and patients who are deaf or have a hearing loss and rely on being able to read lips. Many of the people we asked who had bought clear masks for personal use had bought them on Etsy, where there are a range of different handmade options. This follows a national and international call to arms in April asking industry to channel their manufacturing power into making PPE for the health and care sector.NHS and care workers will be given clear face masks to help them communicate with people with certain conditions like hearing loss, autism and dementia, the government has announced. Logan, A. J., Gordon, G. E. & Loffler, G. Contributions of individual face features to face discrimination. Vis. Res. 137, 29–39 (2017). In some cases, you can treat translucent skin. If you have a condition such as tinea versicolor, there are treatments in the form of antifungal medication that can be used to combat patchy skin and hypopigmentation. Will tanning help? Analyses were performed to investigate an effect of Condition (NM, SM, TM) on the re-identification scores with the aim of assessing the impact of the mask on the ability to remember a previously displayed face. For each participant we evaluated the percentage of correct answers by scoring each trial on a binary scale (1–0 points for each correct and incorrect responses, respectively). We ran a Kruskal–Wallis test considering the average scores for the three Conditions (NM, SM, TM). In case of significant effects, a Mann–Whitney tests (Bonferroni corrected) was applied as post-hoc test.
De Gelder, B., Vroomen, J., Pourtois, G. & Weiskrantz, L. Non-conscious recognition of affect in the absence of striate cortex. NeuroReport 10, 3759–3763 (1999). Wood, A. & Niedenthal, P. Developing a social functional account of laughter. Soc. Personal. Psychol. Compass 12, e12383 (2018). Hess, U. & Fischer, A. in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication (2017). https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.433 HY conceptualized, designed the study, and supervised all stages of the project. HY and AP carried out the behavioral experiments and drafted the full paper. WS formulated stimuli, provided guidance on the statistical approach arena, and reviewed all analyses. All authors discussed the results and implications and contributed to the manuscript. Funding
Funding
Some clear masks use anti-fogging or moisture-repellent coatings or materials, which could be worth a try. Simple clear vinyl is more likely to fog up. Clear communication is always important, but particularly in healthcare. So we’re pleased these masks are going to be available very soon. The face changes throughout time, and traits that are frequent in children or newborns, such as large buccal fat-pads, which serve to support the cheeks while nursing, fade away. While the amount of the buccal fat pads frequently decreases with age, the prominence of bones grows and develops. Caruana, F. et al. Mirroring other’s laughter. Cingulate, opercular and temporal contributions to laughter expression and observation. Cortex 128, 35–48 (2020).
Of course, lip-reading doesn’t work for everyone, nor is it everyone’s first choice. It’s important that all NHS employers and services find out what someone’s communication needs are and meet them, in line with the Accessible Information Standard. Elfenbein, H. A. & Ambady, N. On the universality and cultural specificity of emotion recognition: a meta-analysis. Psychol. Bull. 128, 203–235 (2002). Clear face shields or visors, which you may have seen particularly in hospitality settings, offer good visuals and can be comfortable to wear, but they are not an ideal solution as they have shown to be less effective at preventing particles escaping when worn alone without a mask.
Results
The re-identification task was aimed at investigating the capability to correctly re-identify unmasked faces previously observed in masked (TM, SM) or unmasked (NM) fashion. To each participant, we presented pictures of unmasked faces (n = 12), some of which (n = 4) already presented in one of the three Conditions (SM, TM, NM) during the first session. For each picture, participants were required to judge whether they have seen the face or not (Fig. 1C). Blais, C., Fiset, D., Roy, C., Régimbald, C. S. & Gosselin, F. Eye fixation patterns for categorizing static and dynamic facial expressions. Emotion 17, 1107–1119 (2017).
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